Test Happens.

Figure 1. A resonant cavity composed of two interior layers on a four-layer printed circuit board.  The return current from the signal p...

Figure 1. Quarter wave stubs exhibit resonance which impacts S21 as broad dips.  The resonant frequency can be computed based on the cha...

Figure 1. As a signal propagates, the amplitude drops off exponentially with distance due to signal losses. Last week, we showed how ri...

Figure 1. Ripple patterns commonly seen in S11 and S21. When we look at plots of S-parameters, we can observe four classic patterns that...

Figure 1. PCIe specifications through Rev 5.0. You may be wondering where we are in the roll out of PCI Express test specifications ...

In Part I, we discussed three causes of confusion when working with S-parameters and what you can do to avoid them.  In this post, we’ll dis...

S-parameters describe the electrical properties of electronic interconnects, which can include connectors, printed circuit traces and vias...